The strategy is extendable to carbon- and silicon-bridged xanthone analogues, yielding a family of photoactivatable labels spanning much of the visible spectrum. These photoactivatable xanthones (PaX) assemble rapidly and cleanly into highly fluorescent, photo- and chemically stable pyronine dyes upon irradiation with light. Here we describe a general method to transform 3,6-diaminoxanthones into caging-group-free photoactivatable fluorophores. Photoactivatable dyes offer substantial improvements to many of these techniques, but often rely on photolabile protecting groups that limit their applications. The controlled switching of fluorophores between non-fluorescent and fluorescent states is central to every super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (nanoscopy) technique, and the exploration of radically new switching mechanisms remains critical to boosting the performance of established, as well as emerging super-resolution methods.
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